Car Prices EDA

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	11
Number of observations	700
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	60.3 KiB
Average record size in memory	88.2 B

Variable types

Numeric	10
Categorical	1

Warnings

`km` is highly correlated with `current price`	High correlation
`current price` is highly correlated with `km`	High correlation
`km` is highly correlated with `current price`	High correlation
`current price` is highly correlated with `km`	High correlation
`km` is highly correlated with `current price`	High correlation
`current price` is highly correlated with `km`	High correlation
`current price` is highly correlated with `km`	High correlation
`km` is highly correlated with `current price`	High correlation
`km` has unique values	Unique
`current price` has unique values	Unique

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-02-28 11:48:55.770962
Analysis finished	2022-02-28 11:49:02.118652
Duration	6.35 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

on road old
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	699
Distinct (%)	99.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	602474.9343

Minimum	500265
Maximum	699859
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	500265
5-th percentile	510373.2
Q1	549582.25
median	602081.5
Q3	652267.25
95-th percentile	691382.55
Maximum	699859
Range	199594
Interquartile range (IQR)	102685

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	57982.26794
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.09624013322
Kurtosis	-1.20835805
Mean	602474.9343
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	50951
Skewness	-0.07193789352
Sum	421732454
Variance	3361943395
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
671630	2	0.3%
584296	1	0.1%
666285	1	0.1%
587812	1	0.1%
617893	1	0.1%
693986	1	0.1%
675305	1	0.1%
663877	1	0.1%
563396	1	0.1%
557699	1	0.1%
Other values (689)	689	98.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
500265	1	0.1%
500921	1	0.1%
501569	1	0.1%
502131	1	0.1%
502281	1	0.1%
502794	1	0.1%
503157	1	0.1%
503255	1	0.1%
503327	1	0.1%
503856	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
699859	1	0.1%
699714	1	0.1%
699570	1	0.1%
699023	1	0.1%
698848	1	0.1%
698748	1	0.1%
698719	1	0.1%
698612	1	0.1%
698493	1	0.1%
698453	1	0.1%

on road now
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	699
Distinct (%)	99.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	799688.7

Minimum	700159
Maximum	899797
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	700159
5-th percentile	710067.4
Q1	750222.75
median	799772
Q3	849847.75
95-th percentile	887507.1
Maximum	899797
Range	199638
Interquartile range (IQR)	99625

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	57652.08067
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.07209315409
Kurtosis	-1.227771678
Mean	799688.7
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	49861.5
Skewness	-0.03703531488
Sum	559782090
Variance	3323762406
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
740200	2	0.3%
731786	1	0.1%
891627	1	0.1%
728235	1	0.1%
727374	1	0.1%
845749	1	0.1%
712781	1	0.1%
793145	1	0.1%
879964	1	0.1%
734480	1	0.1%
Other values (689)	689	98.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
700159	1	0.1%
700177	1	0.1%
700428	1	0.1%
700536	1	0.1%
700746	1	0.1%
700885	1	0.1%
701108	1	0.1%
701339	1	0.1%
702366	1	0.1%
702442	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
899797	1	0.1%
899711	1	0.1%
899702	1	0.1%
899083	1	0.1%
898476	1	0.1%
898435	1	0.1%
898411	1	0.1%
898347	1	0.1%
897566	1	0.1%
897357	1	0.1%

years
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.66

Minimum	2
Maximum	7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	2
Q1	3
median	5
Q3	6
95-th percentile	7
Maximum	7
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.728776888
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3709821648
Kurtosis	-1.289963265
Mean	4.66
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	-0.1115244232
Sum	3262
Variance	2.988669528
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	140	20.0%
6	123	17.6%
5	115	16.4%
3	111	15.9%
4	107	15.3%
2	104	14.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	104	14.9%
3	111	15.9%
4	107	15.3%
5	115	16.4%
6	123	17.6%
7	140	20.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	140	20.0%
6	123	17.6%
5	115	16.4%
4	107	15.3%
3	111	15.9%
2	104	14.9%

km
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	700
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	100295.7786

Minimum	50324
Maximum	149902
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	50324
5-th percentile	55702.9
Q1	74576.75
median	99671.5
Q3	125116
95-th percentile	145400.7
Maximum	149902
Range	99578
Interquartile range (IQR)	50539.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	28951.10959
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2886573094
Kurtosis	-1.213013331
Mean	100295.7786
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	25319.5
Skewness	-0.01703491297
Sum	70207045
Variance	838166746.3
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
128071	1	0.1%
70597	1	0.1%
91030	1	0.1%
82191	1	0.1%
52086	1	0.1%
125669	1	0.1%
56387	1	0.1%
105139	1	0.1%
120138	1	0.1%
123028	1	0.1%
Other values (690)	690	98.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
50324	1	0.1%
50460	1	0.1%
50648	1	0.1%
50815	1	0.1%
50888	1	0.1%
51032	1	0.1%
51554	1	0.1%
51693	1	0.1%
52086	1	0.1%
52213	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
149902	1	0.1%
149729	1	0.1%
149529	1	0.1%
149285	1	0.1%
149191	1	0.1%
148846	1	0.1%
148838	1	0.1%
148764	1	0.1%
148724	1	0.1%
148642	1	0.1%

rating
Categorical

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	0.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	39.8 KiB

1	143
2	143
4	142
3	138
5	134

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	700
Distinct characters	5
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	4
2nd row	3
3rd row	3
4th row	1
5th row	2

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	143	20.4%
2	143	20.4%
4	142	20.3%
3	138	19.7%
5	134	19.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	143	20.4%
2	143	20.4%
4	142	20.3%
3	138	19.7%
5	134	19.1%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	143	20.4%
2	143	20.4%
4	142	20.3%
3	138	19.7%
5	134	19.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	700	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	143	20.4%
2	143	20.4%
4	142	20.3%
3	138	19.7%
5	134	19.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	700	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	143	20.4%
2	143	20.4%
4	142	20.3%
3	138	19.7%
5	134	19.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	700	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	143	20.4%
2	143	20.4%
4	142	20.3%
3	138	19.7%
5	134	19.1%

condition
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.517142857

Minimum	1
Maximum	10
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	3
median	6
Q3	8
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.813414191
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5099404281
Kurtosis	-1.170546115
Mean	5.517142857
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	-0.01292055277
Sum	3862
Variance	7.915299407
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	83	11.9%
5	80	11.4%
9	76	10.9%
8	72	10.3%
3	71	10.1%
4	68	9.7%
1	67	9.6%
2	63	9.0%
10	62	8.9%
7	58	8.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	67	9.6%
2	63	9.0%
3	71	10.1%
4	68	9.7%
5	80	11.4%
6	83	11.9%
7	58	8.3%
8	72	10.3%
9	76	10.9%
10	62	8.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	62	8.9%
9	76	10.9%
8	72	10.3%
7	58	8.3%
6	83	11.9%
5	80	11.4%
4	68	9.7%
3	71	10.1%
2	63	9.0%
1	67	9.6%

economy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	8
Distinct (%)	1.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	11.68

Minimum	8
Maximum	15
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	8
5-th percentile	8
Q1	10
median	12
Q3	14
95-th percentile	15
Maximum	15
Range	7
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.232648882
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1911514454
Kurtosis	-1.155827948
Mean	11.68
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	-0.08509888849
Sum	8176
Variance	4.98472103
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12	98	14.0%
11	95	13.6%
15	95	13.6%
13	94	13.4%
14	87	12.4%
10	81	11.6%
9	80	11.4%
8	70	10.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	70	10.0%
9	80	11.4%
10	81	11.6%
11	95	13.6%
12	98	14.0%
13	94	13.4%
14	87	12.4%
15	95	13.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15	95	13.6%
14	87	12.4%
13	94	13.4%
12	98	14.0%
11	95	13.6%
10	81	11.6%
9	80	11.4%
8	70	10.0%

top speed
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	66
Distinct (%)	9.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	166.8628571

Minimum	135
Maximum	200
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	135
5-th percentile	137
Q1	150
median	167
Q3	184
95-th percentile	197
Maximum	200
Range	65
Interquartile range (IQR)	34

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.40785921
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1163102415
Kurtosis	-1.245618669
Mean	166.8628571
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17
Skewness	0.05574507099
Sum	116804
Variance	376.664999
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
151	20	2.9%
145	17	2.4%
176	16	2.3%
155	16	2.3%
141	15	2.1%
179	15	2.1%
184	15	2.1%
146	15	2.1%
135	14	2.0%
188	14	2.0%
Other values (56)	543	77.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
135	14	2.0%
136	10	1.4%
137	12	1.7%
138	9	1.3%
139	9	1.3%
140	9	1.3%
141	15	2.1%
142	12	1.7%
143	9	1.3%
144	11	1.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
200	12	1.7%
199	10	1.4%
198	11	1.6%
197	13	1.9%
196	11	1.6%
195	11	1.6%
194	11	1.6%
193	9	1.3%
192	8	1.1%
191	11	1.6%

hp
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	71
Distinct (%)	10.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	85.12857143

Minimum	50
Maximum	120
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	50
5-th percentile	53
Q1	69
median	85
Q3	102
95-th percentile	117
Maximum	120
Range	70
Interquartile range (IQR)	33

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.14143228
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2366001442
Kurtosis	-1.13776237
Mean	85.12857143
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17
Skewness	-0.04302777486
Sum	59590
Variance	405.6772941
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
107	22	3.1%
74	18	2.6%
95	17	2.4%
77	17	2.4%
106	17	2.4%
82	14	2.0%
118	14	2.0%
64	14	2.0%
101	14	2.0%
84	14	2.0%
Other values (61)	539	77.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
50	10	1.4%
51	9	1.3%
52	13	1.9%
53	13	1.9%
54	11	1.6%
55	9	1.3%
56	8	1.1%
57	8	1.1%
58	7	1.0%
59	11	1.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
120	10	1.4%
119	8	1.1%
118	14	2.0%
117	7	1.0%
116	5	0.7%
115	8	1.1%
114	6	0.9%
113	10	1.4%
112	10	1.4%
111	9	1.3%

torque
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	73
Distinct (%)	10.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	103.9942857

Minimum	68
Maximum	140
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	68
5-th percentile	71
Q1	84.75
median	105
Q3	122
95-th percentile	137
Maximum	140
Range	72
Interquartile range (IQR)	37.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21.29827604
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2048023687
Kurtosis	-1.234102621
Mean	103.9942857
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	19
Skewness	-0.04438639078
Sum	72796
Variance	453.6165624
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
75	19	2.7%
114	18	2.6%
100	17	2.4%
125	17	2.4%
120	16	2.3%
95	15	2.1%
121	15	2.1%
79	15	2.1%
71	13	1.9%
135	13	1.9%
Other values (63)	542	77.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
68	6	0.9%
69	10	1.4%
70	9	1.3%
71	13	1.9%
72	11	1.6%
73	13	1.9%
74	11	1.6%
75	19	2.7%
76	7	1.0%
77	8	1.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
140	9	1.3%
139	6	0.9%
138	12	1.7%
137	9	1.3%
136	11	1.6%
135	13	1.9%
134	6	0.9%
133	10	1.4%
132	10	1.4%
131	6	0.9%

current price
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	700
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	308575.925

Minimum	28226.5
Maximum	584267.5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	28226.5
5-th percentile	113888.125
Q1	208547.125
median	306864
Q3	411083
95-th percentile	506901.25
Maximum	584267.5
Range	556041
Interquartile range (IQR)	202535.875

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	123607.8242
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4005750746
Kurtosis	-0.9074577715
Mean	308575.925
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	100106.75
Skewness	0.05002269533
Sum	216003147.5
Variance	1.52788942 × 10¹⁰
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
146527	1	0.1%
410516	1	0.1%
308643.5	1	0.1%
383570.5	1	0.1%
555336.5	1	0.1%
185485.5	1	0.1%
456827.5	1	0.1%
291815.5	1	0.1%
224533.5	1	0.1%
146223	1	0.1%
Other values (690)	690	98.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28226.5	1	0.1%
46920.5	1	0.1%
53040	1	0.1%
55925	1	0.1%
58384	1	0.1%
69231.5	1	0.1%
70862	1	0.1%
71314	1	0.1%
74398	1	0.1%
76772	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
584267.5	1	0.1%
584116.5	1	0.1%
582347	1	0.1%
558253	1	0.1%
555336.5	1	0.1%
553901	1	0.1%
553855	1	0.1%
549406	1	0.1%
547746	1	0.1%
547378	1	0.1%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	on road old	on road now	years	km	rating	condition	economy	top speed	hp	torque	current price
0	584296	731786	5	128071	4	5	12	171	82	119	146527.0
1	561469	856225	2	106506	3	9	10	174	106	120	312703.0
2	648198	858419	2	125519	3	8	8	185	105	109	267953.5
3	626056	722367	4	126360	1	6	14	163	88	87	172415.0
4	587586	740933	3	137631	2	5	14	176	81	87	115462.5
5	600224	892785	7	93335	4	5	13	200	115	89	367122.0
6	676170	710374	6	134933	2	5	11	181	112	73	151474.0
7	568395	831705	6	147297	5	3	12	156	111	116	108921.5
8	685806	898347	3	76363	4	8	8	152	115	84	503606.5
9	502281	759393	7	61910	5	4	10	162	113	106	377108.5

Last rows

	on road old	on road now	years	km	rating	condition	economy	top speed	hp	torque	current price
690	695631	899083	4	137714	1	9	13	197	83	85	275781.0
691	584015	724269	7	105792	4	8	15	153	86	95	239746.0
692	589508	737952	3	87920	5	6	15	182	71	127	317681.5
693	587187	777397	3	109589	2	3	14	164	93	101	244229.0
694	521785	701108	7	127229	1	6	9	175	64	134	98242.5
695	583113	810435	6	67036	5	6	15	167	51	75	430451.5
696	522202	828170	3	96723	4	2	11	143	114	73	288926.0
697	692157	824926	7	142959	2	4	9	198	116	99	179077.0
698	661027	729123	6	117727	4	6	13	200	116	74	224958.5
699	624535	801702	5	67075	1	8	15	138	110	75	459914.5

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows